ɬɨwɨɗ ʸ nm. meat viande (16 groups, 43 languages) A
This is one of the most widely attested roots. The initial *ɬ has the regular reflex *ɮ in the South sub-branch, and the other reflexes are regular. The palatalisation prosody is present in many of the groups. In some groups it has combined with *ɗ, resulting in *j. In Mandara and Malgwa the *ɬ has been palatised and then moved to the velar position, resulting *hʲ, which is a regular process. In Matal and Podoko the *w and *d have fused, resulting in /ɓ/, and in Hdi the same phonemes have resulted in /ʔʷ/. These are both common sporadic processes.
1Proto-Bata *ɮɨwɨ ʸ meat viande 1.1) Gude (Hoskinson) lə̀wá -ə meat, wild animal 1.2) Jimi (Djibi) liwən Viande 1.3) Sharwa (Gravina) liwə Viande 1.4) Tsuvan (Johnston) ɮiwe la viande
2Proto-Daba *ɮɨj ʸ meat viande 2.1) Buwal (Viljoen) ɮej flesh chair 2.1.1) Buwal (Viljoen) ɮej meat viande 2.2) Gavar (Viljoen) ɮi meat viande 2.2.1) Gavar (Viljoen) ɮi flesh chair 2.3) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) ɮi meat viande
3Proto-Mafa *ɮɨwaɗ ʸ meat viande 3.1) Mafa (Ndokobai) ɮuweɗ meat viande 3.1.1) Mafa (Barreteau) ɮúwéɗ viande 3.2) Cuvok (Gravina) ɬaw meat viande
4Proto-Tera *ɮu meat viande 4.1) Tera (Newman) ɮu meat 4.2) Nyimatli (Harley) ɮu meat
5Proto-Sukur *ɮɨwɨɗ ʸ meat viande 5.1) Sukur (David) ɬuwij meat 5.2) Sukur (Thomas) ɮui meat; is the general term for meat; the flesh of an animals or a birds eating as food.
6Proto-Hurza *ɬɨwaɗ ʸ meat viande 6.1) Mbuko (Gravina) ɬuweɗ meat viande 6.2) Vame (Kinnaird) ɬūwé meat viande
7Proto-Mandara *ɬɨwɨɗ ʸ meat viande 7.1) Matal (Branger) ɬəb meat viande 7.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) ɬəɓa,-ə viande 7.3) Mandara (Fluckiger) hjua viande (f) 7.4) Malgwa (Löhr) hjuwa meat, flesh 7.5) Glavda (Nghagyiva) ɬùwa meat 7.5.1) Glavda (Owens) ł meat
8Proto-Mofu *ɬɨw meat viande 8.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) ɬū meat viande 8.2) Muyang (Smith) ɑɬu flesh ; meat viande; chaire 8.3) Mada (Nkoumou) osɬo viande 8.4) Zulgo (Haller) ɬú viande f. 8.5) Gemzek (Sabatai) ɬo meat viande 8.6) Merey (Gravina) ɬaw viande 8.6.1) Merey (Gravina) ɮaw meat viande 8.6.2) Merey (Gravina) ɬo viande 8.7) Dugwor (Jubumna) ɬaw meat viande 8.8) Mofu North (Barreteau) ɬàw viande 8.9) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) aɬaw meat viande, chair animale (viande ou poisson)
9Proto-Lamang *ɬɨʔʷi meat viande 9.1) Lamang (Wolff) ɬùw meat 9.2) Hdi (Bramlett) ɬuʼi meat la viande
10Proto-Higi *ɬɨj meat viande 10.1) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) ɬji meat; flesh 10.2) Kirya (Blench) ɬè meat 10.3) Psikye (Angelo) ɬi meat
11Proto-Kotoko Island *hu meat viande 11.1) Buduma (McKone) xù meat viande
12Proto-Kotoko North *ɬɨw meat viande 12.1) Mpade (Allison) ʃú meat viande 12.2) Malgbe (Allison) ɬu meat viande
13Proto-Kotoko Centre *ɬɨw meat viande 13.1) Lagwan (Allison) ɬu meat viande 13.2) Mser (Allison) su meat viande
14Proto-Kotoko South *asu meat viande 14.1) Zina (Odden) àsú meat viande
15Proto-Musgum *ɬɨwɨt meat viande 15.1) Vulum (Tourneux) ɬuk viande 15.2) Mbara (Tourneux) ɬuk meat 15.3) Muskum (Tourneux) ɬuwut viande
16Proto-Gidar *ɬɨwɨ meat viande 16.1) Gidar (Schuh) ɬuwa/0 viande 16.2) Gidar (Hungerford) ɬuwa viande
This is one of the most widely attested roots. The initial *ɬ has the regular reflex *ɮ in the South sub-branch, and the other reflexes are regular. The palatalisation prosody is present in many of the groups. In some groups it has combined with *ɗ, resulting in *j. In Mandara and Malgwa the *ɬ has been palatised and then moved to the velar position, resulting *hʲ, which is a regular process. In Matal and Podoko the *w and *d have fused, resulting in /ɓ/, and in Hdi the same phonemes have resulted in /ʔʷ/. These are both common sporadic processes.
1Proto-Bata *ɮɨwɨ ʸ meat viande 1.1) Gude (Hoskinson) lə̀wá -ə meat, wild animal 1.2) Jimi (Djibi) liwən Viande 1.3) Sharwa (Gravina) liwə Viande 1.4) Tsuvan (Johnston) ɮiwe la viande
2Proto-Daba *ɮɨj ʸ meat viande 2.1) Buwal (Viljoen) ɮej flesh chair 2.1.1) Buwal (Viljoen) ɮej meat viande 2.2) Gavar (Viljoen) ɮi meat viande 2.2.1) Gavar (Viljoen) ɮi flesh chair 2.3) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) ɮi meat viande
3Proto-Mafa *ɮɨwaɗ ʸ meat viande 3.1) Mafa (Ndokobai) ɮuweɗ meat viande 3.1.1) Mafa (Barreteau) ɮúwéɗ viande 3.2) Cuvok (Gravina) ɬaw meat viande
4Proto-Tera *ɮu meat viande 4.1) Tera (Newman) ɮu meat 4.2) Nyimatli (Harley) ɮu meat
5Proto-Sukur *ɮɨwɨɗ ʸ meat viande 5.1) Sukur (David) ɬuwij meat 5.2) Sukur (Thomas) ɮui meat; is the general term for meat; the flesh of an animals or a birds eating as food.
6Proto-Hurza *ɬɨwaɗ ʸ meat viande 6.1) Mbuko (Gravina) ɬuweɗ meat viande 6.2) Vame (Kinnaird) ɬūwé meat viande
7Proto-Mandara *ɬɨwɨɗ ʸ meat viande 7.1) Matal (Branger) ɬəb meat viande 7.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) ɬəɓa,-ə viande 7.3) Mandara (Fluckiger) hjua viande (f) 7.4) Malgwa (Löhr) hjuwa meat, flesh 7.5) Glavda (Nghagyiva) ɬùwa meat 7.5.1) Glavda (Owens) ł meat
8Proto-Mofu *ɬɨw meat viande 8.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) ɬū meat viande 8.2) Muyang (Smith) ɑɬu flesh ; meat viande; chaire 8.3) Mada (Nkoumou) osɬo viande 8.4) Zulgo (Haller) ɬú viande f. 8.5) Gemzek (Sabatai) ɬo meat viande 8.6) Merey (Gravina) ɬaw viande 8.6.1) Merey (Gravina) ɮaw meat viande 8.6.2) Merey (Gravina) ɬo viande 8.7) Dugwor (Jubumna) ɬaw meat viande 8.8) Mofu North (Barreteau) ɬàw viande 8.9) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) aɬaw meat viande, chair animale (viande ou poisson)
9Proto-Lamang *ɬɨʔʷi meat viande 9.1) Lamang (Wolff) ɬùw meat 9.2) Hdi (Bramlett) ɬuʼi meat la viande
10Proto-Higi *ɬɨj meat viande 10.1) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) ɬji meat; flesh 10.2) Kirya (Blench) ɬè meat 10.3) Psikye (Angelo) ɬi meat
11Proto-Kotoko Island *hu meat viande 11.1) Buduma (McKone) xù meat viande
12Proto-Kotoko North *ɬɨw meat viande 12.1) Mpade (Allison) ʃú meat viande 12.2) Malgbe (Allison) ɬu meat viande
13Proto-Kotoko Centre *ɬɨw meat viande 13.1) Lagwan (Allison) ɬu meat viande 13.2) Mser (Allison) su meat viande
14Proto-Kotoko South *asu meat viande 14.1) Zina (Odden) àsú meat viande
15Proto-Musgum *ɬɨwɨt meat viande 15.1) Vulum (Tourneux) ɬuk viande 15.2) Mbara (Tourneux) ɬuk meat 15.3) Muskum (Tourneux) ɬuwut viande
16Proto-Gidar *ɬɨwɨ meat viande 16.1) Gidar (Schuh) ɬuwa/0 viande 16.2) Gidar (Hungerford) ɬuwa viande
